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Old 02-09-2011, 07:34 AM
Stan Hoeppner
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

Darac Marjal put forth on 2/8/2011 9:05 AM:

> IIRC, i386 should work fine whichever style of 64-bit it is. However,
> one of the reasons why Intel switched from IA64 to AMD64 was that IA64
> is terrible at executing 32-bit code.

You are woefully misinformed. First, IA64 Itanium is alive and well, although
market share is lower than Intel would like. Intel sells chips based on both
ISAs, x86-64 (Core, Xeon) and IA64 (Itanium) but into different markets.
Second, from the Itanium 2 Montecito core forward, hardware support for the IA32
instruction set was removed and replaced by a software emulator with much better
performance (though few, if any, customers use it).

The current IA64 chip, the Itanium 9300 (Tukwila) series was released in early
2010. The top model, the 9350 has:

4 cores @ 1.73/1.86 GHz
(unimpressive freq, but can execute up to 6 instructions/clock vs 2-3 for Core)
24 MB on die L3 cache
2-way HyperThreading (8 threads per chip)
2 DDR3 memory controllers 34 GB/s
QuickPath Interconnect 96 GB/s aggregate

It's a very modern chip with serious performance, especially on floating point
workloads, as has always been the case with Itanium.

Wikipedia has plenty of information on IA64/Itanium:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itanium#Architecture

--
Stan



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Old 02-09-2011, 07:57 AM
Stan Hoeppner
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

Bret Busby put forth on 2/8/2011 11:43 PM:
>
> Could the Release Notes include a component that matches CPU model with
> appropriate distribution version?
>
> Many 64 bit CPU's exist, but it can be difficult to determine whether they
> should have the i386 (which no longer works with the i386, from the Release
> Notes, and so should be renamed) or the amd64 version of the distribution,
> installed.
>
> Some people may know the answer, but, for the rest of us, we are just left in
> the dark.
>
> For example the (relatively) new range of CPU's (which are prbably now out of
> date), that are the I<x> range, eg, I3, I5, I7, are (I believe) 64 bit CPU's,
> but the Release Notes do not indicate whether these should have the 32 bit or
> the 64 bit version of the districbution, installed.
>
> So, it would be useful for the Release Notes to include a list of CPU's, and
> show which is the appropriate version of the distribution, for each CPU model.

Is it really that hard to Google for the CPU string blasted to your screen
during POST, or on a sticker or logo of some kind affixed to the chassis?

Oh, crap, lemme guess, you don't know what "POST" or "chassis" mean?

/me head->desk

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Old 02-09-2011, 09:34 AM
Andrei Popescu
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

On Mi, 09 feb 11, 13:43:59, Bret Busby wrote:
>
> So, it would be useful for the Release Notes to include a list of
> CPU's, and show which is the appropriate version of the
> distribution, for each CPU model.

There are two problems I can think of with this approach:

- who is going to maintain that list?
- what is "the apropiate" architecture for my system? Although my CPU is
64bit (Dual Core T2330) I only have 2 GB RAM. While I have been
running amd64 for years now I do plan on switching to i386.

Regards,
Andrei
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Old 02-09-2011, 10:16 AM
Camaleón
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

On Wed, 09 Feb 2011 13:43:59 +0800, Bret Busby wrote:

> Could the Release Notes include a component that matches CPU model with
> appropriate distribution version?

(...)

For someone who is going to install an OS, that's something that should
be found by the user itself. More than a mere "technical" decision (both
architectures -i386 and amd64- will work under 64-bits machines),
choosing between the two is something that is completely up to the user's
preferences as there are many other aspects to consider beyond going A or
B.

If in doubt, better ask here or in forums.

Greetings,

--
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On 02/08/2011 09:37 PM, James Laska wrote:
> = Comments +ACY- Discussion > Given that GNOME 3 offers a +ACo-dramatically+ACo- different user experience
> than GNOME 2.X, there are going to be plenty of users who are
> surprised/disrupted by the changes. As a result, we wanted to start
> compiling common questions/workarounds/workflows that have come up so
> far. I anticipate referencing these a lot on irc/lists. Perhaps, over
> time these migrate into release notes.

We need to get this list going and keep tabs on bugs filed against that
design decisions and preferable point to upstream bugs/discussion(s) as
Bastien did in respond to me in another thread on this list since I hit
yet another case what I call a regression/bug but another might call
works as designed.

We had a shitty weather last night which was perfect for me to just
throw myself in the couch in the living room reading a ebook over a warm
cup of coffee before you hit the sack well that did not turn out so well
I spent most of the time battling "power saving" features since I was
running the laptop on battery on my couch in my living room.

No matter what I did ( setting the brightness to max ) after I period of
time I either had a screen lock or the display decided to dim it self
again which by the way to not seem to be consistent to behaviour I set
it to and going through the power settings I notice that for some
reasons the ui designers have decide to remove the option "Never" and in
the end I accepted defeat ( or achieved victory over power saving
depending how you look at it ) and unplug one of the lamps in the living
room and plug my adapter in to work around "Power saving" behaviour.

These four bugs I encounter as in three code bugs one design bug or are
these not bugs and are +ACo-working+ACo- as designed?

1.

The screen lock taking place which did not be consistent to what
settings I had in power settings.

2.

The display deciding to dim it self after a period of time that did not
seem consistent to what I had set to in the power settings.

3.

The display deciding to dim it self after an reset the display
brightness setttings after I manually set it ( happens regardless if I
used a key compo to increase it or I did so through application ).

4.

Usability regression or a design bugs as I call them the removal of
"Never" as an option and be stuck with one hour.

In case of what I refer to as bug 1. 2. 3. they are probably all related
to the same problem ( probably X/Kernel bug ) as in there seems to be
some underlying +ACo-intelligent+ACo- that probably is tied in what ever it has
defined as user +ACo-activity+ACo- ( most likely is a key being pressed or the
mouse being moved ) within a defined time frame and when that does not
happen that intelligent decides to +ACo-save power+ACo- and starts doing all
kinds of things to do that like ignoring ( user ) defined settings in Gnome.

Now there are several use cases that you might be doing some task
in/with the laptop without that task involving a mouse being mover or
user pressing a key like reading, having presentation of the device it
self or simply Gnome etc..

In the case of 4 we need to have the ability to turn all "power savings"
off completely. I'm not saying it should be the default far from it a
good power saving policy should be the default but the ability for the
user to do that needs to be in place because you might need to perform
some tasks that require you to utilize all the resource the computer has
cpu etc.. at the cost of saving several minutes of you battery life time.

Now one way to deal with all those various power needs/use cases the
user has when running on battery would be to introduce power managing
profiles where the user could select profile based on a task he's
performing like in my last nigh case I was reading so I would have
chosen the "Reading" power managing profile which would have for example
set the brightness of my screen to max but save power everywhere else
possible and in the case of needing max performance user would just
choose the Performance power management profile which would just turn of
all power savings.

The benefit of having power management profile is that user could simply
just choose amongst predefined profiles for the most common usage
scenario and the configuration part of it could be stuffed
behind/exposed to the user only under creating a custom power management
but you know this just one idea that could be used to solve/satisfy
various power managing tasks for various usage scenarios in a non
complication to much knobs neat way for the end user.

Note that I have not filed a single one of those bug(s) I have mentioned
since I'm not sure these are bugs at all or working as designed. . .

JBG

--------------070102010202030204010508
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-7
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-7" http-equiv="Content-Type">
</head>
<body bgcolor="+ACM-ffffff" text="+ACM-000000">
On 02/08/2011 09:37 PM, James Laska wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:1297201044.9601.113.camel+AEA-flatline"
type="cite">
<pre wrap="">= Comments +ACY-amp; Discussion Given that GNOME 3 offers a <b class="moz-txt-star"><span class="moz-txt-tag">+ACo-</span>dramatically<span class="moz-txt-tag">+ACo-</span></b> different user experience
than GNOME 2.X, there are going to be plenty of users who are
surprised/disrupted by the changes. As a result, we wanted to start
compiling common questions/workarounds/workflows that have come up so
far. I anticipate referencing these a lot on irc/lists. Perhaps, over
time these migrate into release notes.
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
We need to get this list going and keep tabs on bugs filed against
that design decisions and preferable point to upstream
bugs/discussion(s) as Bastien did in respond to me in another thread
on this list since I hit yet another case what I call a
regression/bug but another might call works as designed.<br>
<br>
We had a shitty weather last night which was perfect for me to just
throw myself in the couch in the living room reading a ebook over a
warm cup of coffee before you hit the sack well that did not turn
out so well I spent most of the time battling "power saving"
features since I was running the laptop on battery on my couch in my
living room. <br>
<br>
No matter what I did ( setting the brightness to max ) after I
period of time I either had a screen lock or the display decided to
dim it self again which by the way to not seem to be consistent to
behaviour I set it to and going through the power settings I notice
that for some reasons the ui designers have decide to remove the
option "Never" and in the end I accepted defeat ( or achieved
victory over power saving depending how you look at it ) and unplug
one of the lamps in the living room and plug my adapter in to work
around "Power saving" behaviour.+AKA- <br>
<br>
These four bugs I encounter as in three code bugs one design bug or
are these not bugs and are +ACo-working+ACo- as designed?<br>
<br>
1. <br>
<br>
The screen lock taking place which did not be consistent to what
settings I had in power settings. <br>
<br>
2. <br>
<br>
The display deciding to dim it self after a period of time that did
not seem consistent to what I had set to in the power settings. <br>
<br>
3. <br>
<br>
The display deciding to dim it self after an reset the display
brightness setttings after I manually set it ( happens regardless if
I used a key compo to increase it or I did so through application
).+AKA- <br>
<br>
4.<br>
<br>
Usability regression or a design bugs as I call them the removal of
"Never" as an option and be stuck with one hour.<br>
<br>
In case of what I refer to as bug 1. 2. 3. they are probably all
related to the same problem ( probably X/Kernel bug ) as in there
seems to be some underlying +ACo-intelligent+ACo- that probably is tied in
what ever it has defined as user +ACo-activity+ACo- ( most likely is a key
being pressed or the mouse being moved ) within a defined time frame
and when that does not happen that intelligent decides to +ACo-save
power+ACo- and starts doing all kinds of things to do that like ignoring
( user ) defined settings in Gnome.<br>
<br>
Now there are several use cases that you might be doing some task
in/with the laptop without that task involving a mouse being mover
or user pressing a key like reading, having presentation of the
device it self or simply Gnome etc..<br>
<br>
In the case of 4 we need to have the ability to turn all "power
savings" off completely. I'm not saying it should be the default far
from it a good power saving policy should be the default but the
ability for the user to do that needs to be in place because you
might need to perform some tasks that require you to utilize all the
resource the computer has cpu etc.. at the cost of saving several
minutes of you battery life time.<br>
<br>
Now one way to deal with all those various power needs/use cases the
user has when running on battery would be to introduce power
managing profiles where the user could select profile based on a
task he's+AKA- performing like in my last nigh case I was reading so I
would have chosen the "Reading" power managing profile which would
have for example set the brightness of my screen to max but save
power everywhere else possible and in the case of needing max
performance user would just choose the Performance power management
profile which would just turn of all power savings. <br>
<br>
The benefit of having power management profile is that user could
simply just choose amongst predefined profiles for the most common
usage scenario and the configuration part of it could be stuffed
behind/exposed to the user only under creating a custom power
management but you know this just one idea that could be used to
solve/satisfy various power managing tasks for various usage
scenarios in a non complication to much knobs neat way for the end
user.+AKA- <br>
<br>
Note that I have not filed a single one of those bug(s) I have
mentioned since I'm not sure these are bugs at all or working as
designed. . .<br>
<br>
JBG<br>
</body>
</html>

--------------070102010202030204010508--

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Old 02-09-2011, 04:32 PM
Bret Busby
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

On Wed, 9 Feb 2011, Camaleón wrote:


Date: Wed, 9 Feb 2011 11:16:46 +0000 (UTC)
From: Camaleón <noelamac@gmail.com>
To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
Subject: Re: which version for intel chipset 64bit
Resent-Date: Wed, 9 Feb 2011 11:17:20 +0000 (UTC)
Resent-From: debian-user@lists.debian.org

On Wed, 09 Feb 2011 13:43:59 +0800, Bret Busby wrote:


Could the Release Notes include a component that matches CPU model with
appropriate distribution version?


(...)

For someone who is going to install an OS, that's something that should
be found by the user itself. More than a mere "technical" decision (both
architectures -i386 and amd64- will work under 64-bits machines),
choosing between the two is something that is completely up to the user's
preferences as there are many other aspects to consider beyond going A or
B.

If in doubt, better ask here or in forums.

Greetings,

--
Camaleón




The problem is in knowing whether a particular CPU is compatible with
the 64 bit version of the operating system, or whether it requires the
32 bit version.


For example, the Pentium 4, from memory, is a 64 bit CPU, but is
incompatible with the 64 bit version of Debian Linux, and requires to
run the 32 bit version; the i386 version, that is incompatible with
i386's.


I can ask a question - does the I3, I5 and I7 range of CPU's require to
run the 32 bit version of Debian Linux, or, can they run the 64 bit
version, and, the question might (or, might not) get answered on the
list, and then, a couple of weeks, or, a few weeks, later, along comes
someone else, who asks the same question, and, so-on, ad nauseum, with
the question getting repeatedly asked, because the information is not
included in the documentation.


Inclusion of such information in the documentation, means that people
who want to know the information, do not need to ask it on mailing
lists, and, therefore, can reduce the derision on the mailing list.


If my memory is correct, for a computer to include 8GB of RAM, that is
addressable by the CPU, the CPU would necessarily be a 64 bit CPU, to
be able to address that much RAM.


But, apparently, not all 64 bit CPU's are compatible with the 64 bit
version of Debian Linux, as (from what I understand) the 64 bit version
of Debian Linux is only compatible with a small subset of the 64 bit
CPU's.


If it is too much trouble to include in the Realease Notes, a list of
CPU's and whether they are compatible with each of the 32 bit and 64 bit
versions of Debian Linux, then, could it not be done to include a list
of CPU's, for which, the 64 bit version of Debian Linux is compatible,
and thence to state that all CPU's not included in that list, should be
taken to be incompatible with 64 bit Debian Linux?


That, at least, would be of some help for people who want to install the
correct operating system, and, not simply regard the operating system as
one that does not work, because they belive that it should work with
their computer, and it does not?


--
Bret Busby
Armadale
West Australia
..............

"So once you do know what the question actually is,
you'll know what the answer means."
- Deep Thought,
Chapter 28 of Book 1 of
"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy:
A Trilogy In Four Parts",
written by Douglas Adams,
published by Pan Books, 1992

.................................................. ..
 
Old 02-09-2011, 04:59 PM
PaulNM
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

Bret Busby wrote:

>
> The problem is in knowing whether a particular CPU is compatible with
> the 64 bit version of the operating system, or whether it requires the
> 32 bit version.
>
> For example, the Pentium 4, from memory, is a 64 bit CPU, but is
> incompatible with the 64 bit version of Debian Linux, and requires to
> run the 32 bit version; the i386 version, that is incompatible with i386's.
>

The Pentium 4 was a 32-bit processor. *Some* were made with a 64-bit
core, but they're rare, and will run amd64 just fine.

> I can ask a question - does the I3, I5 and I7 range of CPU's require to

All Intel I-series are 64-bit. At this point, only some of the lower
end netbook processors are still 32-bit. That is changing, though.

> run the 32 bit version of Debian Linux, or, can they run the 64 bit
> version, and, the question might (or, might not) get answered on the
> list, and then, a couple of weeks, or, a few weeks, later, along comes
> someone else, who asks the same question, and, so-on, ad nauseum, with
> the question getting repeatedly asked, because the information is not
> included in the documentation.
>
> Inclusion of such information in the documentation, means that people
> who want to know the information, do not need to ask it on mailing
> lists, and, therefore, can reduce the derision on the mailing list.
>
> If my memory is correct, for a computer to include 8GB of RAM, that is
> addressable by the CPU, the CPU would necessarily be a 64 bit CPU, to be
> able to address that much RAM.
>
> But, apparently, not all 64 bit CPU's are compatible with the 64 bit
> version of Debian Linux, as (from what I understand) the 64 bit version
> of Debian Linux is only compatible with a small subset of the 64 bit CPU's.
>

AMD64 is AMD64. The only thing it would be incompatible with are
Itanium, Sparc, or other completely different architectures.

> If it is too much trouble to include in the Realease Notes, a list of
> CPU's and whether they are compatible with each of the 32 bit and 64 bit
> versions of Debian Linux, then, could it not be done to include a list
> of CPU's, for which, the 64 bit version of Debian Linux is compatible,
> and thence to state that all CPU's not included in that list, should be
> taken to be incompatible with 64 bit Debian Linux?
>

Part of the issue is that the processor "name" doesn't tell whether or
not it is 32/64 bit. Intel is particularly bad at this.

> That, at least, would be of some help for people who want to install the
> correct operating system, and, not simply regard the operating system as
> one that does not work, because they belive that it should work with
> their computer, and it does not?
>
> --
> Bret Busby
> Armadale
> West Australia
> ..............
>
> "So once you do know what the question actually is,
> you'll know what the answer means."
> - Deep Thought,
> Chapter 28 of Book 1 of
> "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy:
> A Trilogy In Four Parts",
> written by Douglas Adams,
> published by Pan Books, 1992
>
> .................................................. ..


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Old 02-09-2011, 05:36 PM
Camaleón
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

On Thu, 10 Feb 2011 01:32:09 +0800, Bret Busby wrote:

> On Wed, 9 Feb 2011, Camaleón wrote:

>> For someone who is going to install an OS, that's something that should
>> be found by the user itself. More than a mere "technical" decision
>> (both architectures -i386 and amd64- will work under 64-bits machines),
>> choosing between the two is something that is completely up to the
>> user's preferences as there are many other aspects to consider beyond
>> going A or B.
>>
>> If in doubt, better ask here or in forums.
>>
>>
> The problem is in knowing whether a particular CPU is compatible with
> the 64 bit version of the operating system, or whether it requires the
> 32 bit version.

Not a problem at all, at least if you know where to find the information.
And most of the people do know :-). For those who don't, they can ask
here.

> For example, the Pentium 4, from memory, is a 64 bit CPU, but is
> incompatible with the 64 bit version of Debian Linux, and requires to
> run the 32 bit version; the i386 version, that is incompatible with
> i386's.

It does not work that way.

First, you have to know the exact processor model and number (you can
fecth it by running 'grep -i "model name" /proc/cpuinfo').

Then, you can go to the manufacture's page and perform a search for that
specific model:

Intel:
http://ark.intel.com/Default.aspx

AMD:
http://products.amd.com/pages/

After that, the specs page for your concrete model will tell you if the
processor is 64-bits capable or not. That's the only way to ensure about
the possibility of running a 64-bits within your hardware.

> I can ask a question - does the I3, I5 and I7 range of CPU's require to
> run the 32 bit version of Debian Linux, or, can they run the 64 bit
> version, and, the question might (or, might not) get answered on the
> list, and then, a couple of weeks, or, a few weeks, later, along comes
> someone else, who asks the same question, and, so-on, ad nauseum, with
> the question getting repeatedly asked, because the information is not
> included in the documentation.

Yes, I know what you mean, but the "up-to-date" source of information in
this case is the manufacturer's site. Debian wiki cannot automatically
"sync" with each processor's manufacturer site to fetch the latest
available information on the latest processors (unless Debian reaches an
agreement with every manufacturer to do it so) so going to Intel or AMD
page is the most accurate way to go and that is what should be adviced on
Debia'ns wiki or Releases Notes.

> Inclusion of such information in the documentation, means that people
> who want to know the information, do not need to ask it on mailing
> lists, and, therefore, can reduce the derision on the mailing list.

I already explained why it should be possible but it would require the
collaboration of every processor's manufacturers... unless their
databases are completely open and Debian can query to them directly,
which could be another option to explore.

> If my memory is correct, for a computer to include 8GB of RAM, that is
> addressable by the CPU, the CPU would necessarily be a 64 bit CPU, to be
> able to address that much RAM.

Yes, but there is also 32-bits PAE kernel that will allow you to use up
to 64 GiB of ram in your 64-bits CPU. You can choose what to use: 32-bits
or 64-bits OS.

> But, apparently, not all 64 bit CPU's are compatible with the 64 bit
> version of Debian Linux, as (from what I understand) the 64 bit version
> of Debian Linux is only compatible with a small subset of the 64 bit
> CPU's.

I cannot follow you here. Debian's 64-bits kernel is compatible with
every CPU that is 64-bits capable. Can you please explain your point a
bit?

> If it is too much trouble to include in the Realease Notes, a list of
> CPU's and whether they are compatible with each of the 32 bit and 64 bit
> versions of Debian Linux, then, could it not be done to include a list
> of CPU's, for which, the 64 bit version of Debian Linux is compatible,
> and thence to state that all CPU's not included in that list, should be
> taken to be incompatible with 64 bit Debian Linux?
>
> That, at least, would be of some help for people who want to install the
> correct operating system, and, not simply regard the operating system as
> one that does not work, because they belive that it should work with
> their computer, and it does not?

This is not a Debian issue but a microprocessor/hardware issue. And I
still think the list of the 64-bits compatible processors is up to each
manufacturer and not the business of every Linux distribution.

I agree that a "brief" note explaining each kernel possibilities would be
desiderable.

Greetings,

--
Camaleón


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Old 02-10-2011, 03:58 AM
Bret Busby
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

On Wed, 9 Feb 2011, Camaleón wrote:


Date: Wed, 9 Feb 2011 18:36:26 +0000 (UTC)
From: Camaleón <noelamac@gmail.com>
To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
Subject: Re: which version for intel chipset 64bit
Resent-Date: Wed, 9 Feb 2011 18:37:01 +0000 (UTC)
Resent-From: debian-user@lists.debian.org

On Thu, 10 Feb 2011 01:32:09 +0800, Bret Busby wrote:


On Wed, 9 Feb 2011, Camaleón wrote:



For someone who is going to install an OS, that's something that should
be found by the user itself. More than a mere "technical" decision
(both architectures -i386 and amd64- will work under 64-bits machines),
choosing between the two is something that is completely up to the
user's preferences as there are many other aspects to consider beyond
going A or B.

If in doubt, better ask here or in forums.



The problem is in knowing whether a particular CPU is compatible with
the 64 bit version of the operating system, or whether it requires the
32 bit version.


Not a problem at all, at least if you know where to find the information.
And most of the people do know :-). For those who don't, they can ask
here.


For example, the Pentium 4, from memory, is a 64 bit CPU, but is
incompatible with the 64 bit version of Debian Linux, and requires to
run the 32 bit version; the i386 version, that is incompatible with
i386's.


It does not work that way.

First, you have to know the exact processor model and number (you can
fecth it by running 'grep -i "model name" /proc/cpuinfo').

Then, you can go to the manufacture's page and perform a search for that
specific model:

Intel:
http://ark.intel.com/Default.aspx

AMD:
http://products.amd.com/pages/

After that, the specs page for your concrete model will tell you if the
processor is 64-bits capable or not. That's the only way to ensure about
the possibility of running a 64-bits within your hardware.


I can ask a question - does the I3, I5 and I7 range of CPU's require to
run the 32 bit version of Debian Linux, or, can they run the 64 bit
version, and, the question might (or, might not) get answered on the
list, and then, a couple of weeks, or, a few weeks, later, along comes
someone else, who asks the same question, and, so-on, ad nauseum, with
the question getting repeatedly asked, because the information is not
included in the documentation.


Yes, I know what you mean, but the "up-to-date" source of information in
this case is the manufacturer's site. Debian wiki cannot automatically
"sync" with each processor's manufacturer site to fetch the latest
available information on the latest processors (unless Debian reaches an
agreement with every manufacturer to do it so) so going to Intel or AMD
page is the most accurate way to go and that is what should be adviced on
Debia'ns wiki or Releases Notes.


Inclusion of such information in the documentation, means that people
who want to know the information, do not need to ask it on mailing
lists, and, therefore, can reduce the derision on the mailing list.


I already explained why it should be possible but it would require the
collaboration of every processor's manufacturers... unless their
databases are completely open and Debian can query to them directly,
which could be another option to explore.


If my memory is correct, for a computer to include 8GB of RAM, that is
addressable by the CPU, the CPU would necessarily be a 64 bit CPU, to be
able to address that much RAM.


Yes, but there is also 32-bits PAE kernel that will allow you to use up
to 64 GiB of ram in your 64-bits CPU. You can choose what to use: 32-bits
or 64-bits OS.


But, apparently, not all 64 bit CPU's are compatible with the 64 bit
version of Debian Linux, as (from what I understand) the 64 bit version
of Debian Linux is only compatible with a small subset of the 64 bit
CPU's.


I cannot follow you here. Debian's 64-bits kernel is compatible with
every CPU that is 64-bits capable. Can you please explain your point a
bit?



The web page at http://www.debian.org/releases/squeeze/ states

"
The following computer architectures are supported in this release:

* 32-bit PC (i386)
* 64-bit PC (amd64)

"

The web page at http://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/ states

"
Current Status

AMD64 has been an officially supported Debian architecture since the
release of Debian 4.0 (etch).


The port consists of a kernel for all AMD 64bit CPUs with AMD64
extension and all Intel CPUs with EM64T extension, and a common 64bit
userspace.

"

Thus, from the Debian official documentation, it is made clear that
Intel 64 bit CPU's that do not have the "EM64T extension" (whatever
that is and does), have no 64 bit version of Debian Linux available for
them.


Therefore, it is not simply an issue of whether a CPU is a 64 bit CPU
and is therefore compatible with Debian 64 bit Linux; it is made clear
from the official Debian documentation, that only 32 bit Debian Linux is
available from Debian, for all 64 bit CPU's that do not have the "EM64T
extension", and thus, without knowing whether a particular 64 bit Intel
(or compatible) CPU is compatible with the Debian Linux 64 bit version,
there is no point in trying to install that version.


It is pretty much like when the Intel 80486 CPU was released; from
memory, at that time, the only operating system that could fully use the
capabilities of that CPU, was UNIX.


So, it appears that, unless it is known that a particular 64 bit CPU has
the required extensions for the 64 bit version of Debian Linux, only a
32 bit version of Debian Linux is available for the CPU.


This is why I wanted a list of CPU's, and the compatibility or
otherwise, with the 32 bit and 64 bit versions of Debian Linux, included
in the Release Notes.


I believe that, in the circumstances, as Debian has made it clear that a
64 bit version of Debian Linux, is not available for 64 bit CPU's, other
than a particular subset of 64 bit CPU's, to inform the public as to
what 64 bit CPU's are limited to a 32 bit version of the operating
system, is a reasonable expectation.


It is a bit like buying a Porsche, and then finding that the only fuel
available for it, from a particular supplier, is kerosene.


It is better to know in advance.

--
Bret Busby
Armadale
West Australia
..............

"So once you do know what the question actually is,
you'll know what the answer means."
- Deep Thought,
Chapter 28 of Book 1 of
"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy:
A Trilogy In Four Parts",
written by Douglas Adams,
published by Pan Books, 1992

.................................................. ..
 
Old 02-10-2011, 05:22 AM
Bob Proulx
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

Bret Busby wrote:
> The web page at http://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/ states
> The port consists of a kernel for all AMD 64bit CPUs with AMD64
> extension and all Intel CPUs with EM64T extension, and a common
> 64bit userspace.
>
> Thus, from the Debian official documentation, it is made clear that
> Intel 64 bit CPU's that do not have the "EM64T extension" (whatever
> that is and does), have no 64 bit version of Debian Linux available
> for them.

Intel calls their AMD64 architecture EM64T. It is Intel's name for
it. For all practical purposes they are the same thing. However
there may be different bugs in them since they were implemented by
different design teams. But in particular this is not IA64 which is a
completely different 64-bit architecture but one that is often
confused by users with AMD64.

> Therefore, it is not simply an issue of whether a CPU is a 64 bit
> CPU and is therefore compatible with Debian 64 bit Linux; it is made
> clear from the official Debian documentation, that only 32 bit
> Debian Linux is available from Debian, for all 64 bit CPU's that do
> not have the "EM64T extension",

No. You are reading too much into that somewhat less-that-perfectly-
worded document. Don't cause that much pain for yourself.

It is saying that all AMD manufactured cpus of the AMD64 architecture
and all Intel manufactured cpus of the EM64T architecture are
supported. By saying it that way it is allowing for AMD64 specific
opcodes and for EM64T specific opcodes (I recall there are a very few)
and the common subset between them (almost all it) and saying that
each of those almost the same but very slightly different
architectures are supported. They may be slightly different but for
all practical purposes for you as a user of them you can think of them
as being the same.

> and thus, without knowing whether a particular 64 bit Intel (or
> compatible) CPU is compatible with the Debian Linux 64 bit version,
> there is no point in trying to install that version.

No. It doesn't say that at all.

If it is a 64-bit AMD cpu then you can install the 64-bit amd64 port.
If it is a 64-bit Intel cpu and /not/ IA-64 then you can install the
64-bit amd64 port. If it is a 64-bit Intel cpu and IA-64 (rare, found
in high end server hardware) then you can install the IA-64 port.

> I believe that, in the circumstances, as Debian has made it clear
> that a 64 bit version of Debian Linux, is not available for 64 bit
> CPU's, other than a particular subset of 64 bit CPU's, to inform the
> public as to what 64 bit CPU's are limited to a 32 bit version of
> the operating system, is a reasonable expectation.

(I am sure you are going to hate that I chose that particular
paragraph to quote in my response. :-)

You are making it too difficult. I can't think of any 64-bit capable
cpus that are not 64-bit capable. Really! :-)

The normal question is how can you tell from a 32-bit system, such as
a live cd boot or some such, whether the system is 64-bit capable?
The answer to that question is to look at the cpu flags and see if the
"lm" flag is present. That is the long-mode flag and if present
indicates that the cpu is 64-bit capable.

$ grep --color '<lm>' /proc/cpuinfo

If that flag is present then you are good to go for a 64-bit system.

Bob
 
Old 02-10-2011, 08:39 AM
Pascal Hambourg
 
Default which version for intel chipset 64bit

Hello,

Camaleón a écrit :
> On Thu, 10 Feb 2011 01:32:09 +0800, Bret Busby wrote:
>
>> The problem is in knowing whether a particular CPU is compatible with
>> the 64 bit version of the operating system, or whether it requires the
>> 32 bit version.

There are no single 32 and 64-bit versions. Debian has different ports
for different architectures which are either 32 or 64-bit. You (as many
people) are confusing "32-bit" with x86-32 (i386 port) and "64-bit" with
x86-64 (amd64 port). But there are 32 and 64-bit non-x86 architectures
out there, and Debian supports some of them too.

>> If my memory is correct, for a computer to include 8GB of RAM, that is
>> addressable by the CPU, the CPU would necessarily be a 64 bit CPU, to be
>> able to address that much RAM.

No, this is wrong.

> Yes, but there is also 32-bits PAE kernel that will allow you to use up
> to 64 GiB of ram in your 64-bits CPU.

PAE is a 32-bit feature. Most 32-bit-only x86 processors starting from
Pentium Pro (including Pentium II/III/4 and Athlon) support PAE.

> You can choose what to use: 32-bits or 64-bits OS.

An amd64 OS won't work on an x86-32 CPU with PAE support.


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